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Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2020  with  funding  from 
Columbia  University  Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/lowcostofdignityOOplat 


The  J^w  Qost 
of  T)ignity  and  ‘beauty 


The  purpose  of  this  book  is  to 
show  you  by  actual  pictures 
and  figures  that  the  small  extra 
cost  of  glazing  homes  with  Plate 
Glass  enhances  their  dignity,  adds 
to  their  beauty,  and  actually 
achieves  an  economy  both  for  the 
present  and  the  future  which  will 
recommend  the  use  of  Plate  Glass 
as  a  wise  investment. 


PI  afe  G1  ass  M^aiiuifaciuir  ers  of  Anoerica 


*  “Figures  used  in  this  booklet, 
showing  comparison  of  cost  of 
^  polished  plate  glass  and  window 
glass  are  based  on  the  prices 
current  at  the  time  the  booklet 
J  was  printed  September,  1925.” 


A 


V 


I 


'^His  booklet  tells  its  story  largely  by  pictures.  As  you  turn  its 
pages,  note  the  air  of  distinction  which  Plate  Glass  adds.  Re¬ 
member,  that  what  you  build  today,  you  are  building  for  to¬ 
morrow.  “Other  times,  other  manners,”  will  enact  their  own  judg¬ 
ment.  The  air  of  worth  and  distinction  which  Plate  Glass  gives  to  a 
building,  no  matter  how  new  or  how  old  it  may  be,  unerringly  reflects 
the  wisdom  of  the  builder.  Could  any  more  enduring  sense  of  beauty 
be  bequeathed  to  future  generations? 


Think,  too,  of  the  practical  points  of  glazing  with  Plate  Glass. 
If  a  house  is  in  the  city  and  built  close  to  the  street,  it  keeps  out  noise 
and  insures  quiet  rooms.  This  same  non-conducting  quality  of  sound 
applies  equally  to  heat  and  cold.  Plate  Glass  keeps  in  the  one,  keeps 
out  the  other.  You  are  actually  saving  coal  bills  for  your  clients  when 
you  glaze  with  Plate  Glass. 


Because  of  its  high  tensile  strength,  Plate  Glass  does  not  break 
easily.  In  any  case  it  does  not  shatter  and  fly  about.  Plate  Glass  is 
easily  cleaned,  because  of  its  smooth,  even  surfaces. 

This  fact  —  its  parallel,  highly  polished  surfaces  —  is  the  secret, 
ultimately,  of  the  beauty  and  dignity  of  Plate  Glass.  It  has  no  uneven 
places.  No  hollows,  no  bumps,  as  in  ordinary  window  glass.  Plate 
Glass  is  therefore  free  from  annoying  distortions.  You  see  clearly 
through  Plate  Glass.  Think  how  livable  a  house  becomes  when  every 
window  serves  to  frame  a  crystal-clear  picture  of  the  trees,  the  lawn, 
the  garden,  the  drive  beyond! 


WM.  M.  HALL  RESIDENCE 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 


All  exterior  openings  are  glazed  with  Plate  Glass  at  a  cost  of  $183.00 
If  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  166.00 

Difference  -------$  17.00 


11.  J.  HAYES  RESIDENCE 


N.  Negley  and  Elgin  Aves., 

Pittsburgh,  P.\. 

Glazed  with  Polished  Plate  Glass 

Glazed  with  Window  Glass  -  -  . 

- 

$262.00 

125.00 

Difference  -  -  - 

-  -  -  - 

$137.00 

W.  C.  PRICE  RESIDENCE 
SCR.\NTON,  Pa. 

Glazed  with  Plate  Glass  -------  -  $133.00 

Glazed  with  Double  Strength  40.00 

Difference  -  -  -  -  $  93.00 


RESIDENCE,  HARWOOD  J.  GILBERT 
Saginaw,  Mich. 

Cost  of  glazing  with  Polished  Plate  Glass  -  -  -  -  $348.00 

Cost  of  glazing  with  D.  S.  A.  Window  Glass  -  -  -  -  178.00 


Difference 


$170.00 


CHARLES  B.  VAN  DUSEN  RESIDENCE 
Palmer  Woods,  Detroit,  Michigan 
Alvin  E.  Harley,  Architect,  Detroit,  Michigan 

Plate  glass  used  in  all  exterior  openings,  except  ribbed  glass  in 
basement  windows,  at  a  cost  of  -----  - 

If  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  - 

Difference  ------- 


$949.00 

591.00 

$358.00 


.lOIlN  SOLLER,  JR.,  RESIDENCE 
Davenport,  Iowa 

All  exterior  openings  are  glazed  with  Plate  Glass  at  a  cost  of  $259.00 
If  D.  S.  A.  were  used  the  cost  would  be  -  -  -  -  -  194.00 

Difference  -------$  65.00 


CHESTER  L.  FORDNEY  RESIDENCE 
Saginaw,  Mich. 

Glazed  with  Polished  Plate,  front  and  two  sides  -  -  .  $340.00 
If  D.  S.  A.  were  used  -  --  --  --  -  146.00 

Difference  -------  $194.00 


C.  J.  FRANKS  RESIDENCE 
PNirlawn,  Ohio 


indows  and  doors  in  front  rooms  glazed  with  Plate  Gla.ss;  all  other 
windows  and  doors,  D.  S.  A. 

Cost  glazed  as  above  -  --  --  --  -  $195.00 

Cost  if  all  windows  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  -  -  -  -  -  178.00 


Difference 


$  17.00 


F.  E.  NIEDRINGHAUS  RESIDENCE 
St.  Louis 

T.  L.  Johnson,  Architect 

Front  and  side  elevations  glazed  with  Plate  Glass;  balance  with  D.  S.  A. 


Cost  glazed  as  above  $199.00 

Cost  if  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  85.00 

Difference  -------  $114.00 


DON  S.  HANNAFORD  RESIDENCE 
Saginaw,  Mich. 

Glazed  with  Plate  Glass  ------- 

Glazed  with  D.  S.  A. 

Difference  ------ 

$184.00 

-  $  24.00 

* 

C.  D.  FORESTER  RESIDENCE 
Toledo,  Ohio 

All  exterior  openinfjs  are  glazed  with  Plate  Glass 


Cost  glazed  as  above  -  --  --  --  -  $504.00 

Cost  if  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  240.00 

Difference  -------  $264.00 


MIC  C.  A.  PERSONS’  MESIDENCE 
Elyhia,  Ohio 

.\11  windows  shown  on  front  elevation  Plate  Glass;  all  other  windows  and 

doors  D.  A.  (ilass 

Cost  glazed  as  alxjve  -  --  --  --  -  $122.00 

Cost  if  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  120.00 

Difference  -------$  2.00 


RESIDENCE,  C.  WEBER 
Fort  Thomas,  Ky. 

Difference  in  cost  between  Polished  Plate  Glass  and  D.  S.  A.  A. 


Window  Glass  -  $73.00 

n 

1 

* 

1 

Vv<<. 

* 

GEO.  FLEISCHMAN  RESIDENCE 
Toledo,  Ohio 

All  exterior  openings  are  glazed  with  Plate  Glass  with  the  excep¬ 
tion  of  the  basement,  which  is  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  at  a  cost  of  $112.00 

If  glazed  throughout  with  D.  S.  A.  -  -  -  -  -  -  70.00 

Difference  42.00 


RESIDENCE,  BEN  N.  NEAMAN 
5600  Darlington  Rd.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


Cost  of  glazing  with  Polished  Plate  Glass 
Cost  of  glazing  with  D.  S.  Window  Glass 

Difference  - 


$119.00 

49.00 

$  70.00 


AIR.  S.  REINTHAL  RESIDENCE 
Cleveland,  Ohio 
Chas.  R.  Greco,  Architect 

Master  portion  of  house  glazed  with  Plate  Glass.  Service  portion,  garage 

and  basement  D.  A.  Glass 


Cost  glazed  as  above  $304.00 

Cost  if  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  286.00 

Difference  ^  18.00 


RESIDENCE,  MR.  OSCAR  LEVINE 
Avondale,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Difference  in  cost  between  Polished  Plate  Glass  and  D.  S.  A.  A. 
Window  Glass  - 


$112.00 


JAMES  P.  CUMMISKEY  RESIDENCE 
Hamilton  Rlvd.  and  Palmek  Park,  Detroit,  Michigan 
John  W.  Case,  Architect,  Detroit,  Michigan 

Plate  glass  used  in  all  exterior  openings,  except  Florentine  glass 
in  basement  windows,  at  cost  of  -----  -  $274.00 

If  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  149.00 

Difference  -------  $125.00 


A.  F.  STEINER  RESIDENCE 
905  Balfour  Road,  Grosse  Pte.  Park,  Detroit,  iMichigan 
Richard  H.  Marr,  Architect,  Detroit,  Michigan 

Plate  glass  used  in  all  exterior  openings,  including  plate  glass  in 

lead  bars,  at  a  cost  of-------  -  $355.00 

If  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  164.00 

Difference  -------  $191.00 


\V.  G.  SOULE  RESIDENCE 

Newton,  Mass. 

All  exterior  openings  are  glazed  with  Plate  Glass  at  a  cost  of  - 
If  D.  S.  A.  were  used  - 

$315.00 

1.50.00 

1 

Difference  ------- 

$165.00 

* 

IIablen  E.  Shimmin,  Architect,  Cleveland,  Ohio 


Glazed  with  Polished  Plate  Glass 
Glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  Window  Glass 


$650.00 

500.00 


Difference  - 


$150.00 


CHARLES  J.  WERNER,  JR.,  RESIDENCE 
South  Side  of  Arden  Park  between  Brush  and  Oakland  Ayes., 

Detroit,  Mich. 

J.  P.  JoGERST,  Architect,  Detroit,  Michigan 

Plate  glass  used  in  all  exterior  openings,  except  D.  S.  A.  in  base¬ 
ment,  kitchen,  attic  and  back  bedrooms,  at  cost  of  -  -  -  $202.00 

If  D.  S.  A.  quality  sheet  glass  had  been  substituted  for  the  exte¬ 
rior  openings,  the  price  would  have  been  .  .  -  -  108.00 


Difference 


$  94.00 


GEO.  W.  HALE  RESIDENCE 
Cleveland,  Ohio 
H.  T.  Jeffrey,  Architect 

Front  and  two  sides  glazed  with  Plate  Glass;  all  sash  shown  to  be  cut  up 
glazed  with  Plate  Glass  in  lead  lines  —  all  windows  and  doors  on  rear 
elevation  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  Glass 

Cost  glazed  as  above  -  $1,287.00 

Cost  if  all  windows  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  -  -  -  -  -  1,086.00 


Difference  201.00 


F.  A.  IIELIABUSCII  RESIDENCE 
Hyde  Park,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

All  exterior  openings  glazed  with  Plate  Glass  at  a  cost  of  - 
If  D.  S.  A.  had  been  used  ------ 

Difference  ------ 


$191.00 

65.00 

$126.00 


I 


r 


Glazed  with  Plate  Glass 
Glazed  with  Double  Strength 


MR.  JOSEPH  A.  BAUER 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 


Di§erence 


MR.  M 


Glazed  with  Plate  Glass 
Glazed  with  Double  Strength 


St.  Louis,  Mo. 


Difference 


MR.  W.  A 


Glazed  with  Plate  Glass  • 
Glazed  with  Double  Strength 


J.  HOGAN 


FULLERTON 


St.  Louis,  Mo. 


Difference  -  -  .  .  , 

4  WM.  H.  BARKHORN  RESIDENCE 

Maplewood.  N.  J. 

John  A.  Waferunc,  Architect 
All  exlerior  openings  glazed  with  Plate  Glass  at  a  cost  of  - 
If  glazed  with  D.  S.  A. . 


1241.60 

140.00 

*101.60 


*267.20 

145.00 

*122.20 


*190.40 

133.00 

*  57.40 


*330.00 

170.00 


. *160.00 


i 


yjaaBfgai'jJP 


MR.  LEO  G.  HADLEY,  JR. 
St.  Louis,  Mo, 


Glazrd  with  Plal«  Glass 
Glazed  with  Double  Strength 


Terence 


6  N.  W.  FAULKS  RESIDENCE 

Newark,  N.  J. 

W.  W.  Faulks,  Archiuct 

All  exterior  openings  glazed  with  Plate  Glass  at  a  cost  of 
If  glazed  throughout  with  D.  S.  A.  • 

Difference  .  .  .  , 

7  MR.  W.  A.  HOOBLER 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Glazed  with  Plate  Glass  ...... 

Glazed  with  Double  Strength  •  « 

Difference  .... 

«  MR.  A.  R.  HAAGSMA 

St.  Louis,  Mo, 

Glazed  with  Plate  Glass . 

Glazed  with  Double  Strength . 


1221.60 

126.00 


Difference . $  95.60 


B.  D.  HORTON  RESIDENCE 
17711  Hamilton  Ave.,  Detroit,  Michigan 
Smith,  Hinchman  &  Grylls,  Architects,  Detroit,  Michigan 

Plate  glass  used  in  all  exterior  openings,  except  D.  S.  A. 
quality  sheet  glass  in  basement  windows,  at  cost  of  -  -  $237.00 

If  D.  S.  A.  quality  sheet  glass  had  been  substituted  for  the  exte¬ 
rior  openings,  the  price  would  have  been,  if  glazed  with  D.S.  A.  117.00 

Difference  -------  $120.00 


HERSEY  HOUSE 
Needham,  Mass. 

All  exterior  openings  are  glazed  with  Plate  Glass  at  a  cost  of  $90.00 
If  D.  S.  A.  were  used  the  cost  would  be  -  -  -  -  -  79.00 

Difference  -------  $11.00 


JOHN  B.  KEYES  RESIDENCE 
Quincy,  Mass. 

All  exterior  openings  are  glazed  with  Plate  Glass  at  a  cost  of  $93.00 
If  D.  S.  A.  were  used  -  --  --  --  -  71.00 

Difference  -------  ,$22.00 


MB.  EABL  C.  GREENLAND  RESIDENCE 
Elyria,  Ohio 

Five  front  windows  are  glazed  with  Plate  Glass;  all  other  windows  D.  S.  A. 


Glass 

Cost  glazed  as  alxive  -  --  --  --  -  $123.00 

Cost  of  all  windows  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  -  -  -  -  112.00 


Difference  -------$  11.00 


I 


I 


1 


1 


I 


! 


Harlen  E.  Shimmin,  Architect,  Cleveland,  Ohio 

Glazed  with  Polished  Plate  Glass  ----- 
Glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  Window  Glass  -  .  -  - 

Difference  ------ 


$425.00 

373.00 

$  .52.00 


MR.  W.  C.  CAINE  RESIDENCE 
Cleveland,  Ohio 
Meade  &  Hamilton,  Architects 

All  exterior  openings  glazed  with  Plate  Glass,  except  basement,  attic  and 
service  portions  of  house,  which  are  glazed  with  D.  A. 

Cost  glazed  as  above  -  --  --  --  -  $1,285.00 

Cost  if  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  1,000.00 


Difference  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  $  285.00 


MW.  V.  W.  McCORiVIlCK  RESIDENCE 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Mr.  Alexander  McColl,  Architect 


Front  and  both  side  elevations  glazed  with  Plate  Glass.  Rear 
elevation  with  D.  S.  A.  at  a  cost  of  .  .  .  .  .  $66.00 

If  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  42.00 


Difference  -------  $24.00 


IIarlen  E.  Shimmin,  Architect,  Cleveland,  Ohio 


Glazed  with  Polished  Plate  Glass 
Glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  W  indow  Glass 

Difference  - 


$538.00 

452.00 

$  86.00 


0.  F.  SCUDDER  RESIDENCE 
University  City,  Mo. 

T.  L.  Johnson,  Architect 

Front  and  side  elevations  glazed  with  Plate  Glass;  balance  with  D.  S.  A. 
Cost  glazed  as  above  -  -  $217.00 

Cost  if  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  91.00 


Difference  - 


$126.00 


Harlen  E.  Shimmin,  Architect,  Cleveland,  Ohio 


Glazed  with  Polished  Plate  Glass 
Glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  Window  Glass 

Difference  - 


.$614.00 

512.00 

$102.00 


IIarlen  E.  Shimmin,  Architect,  Cleveland,  Ohio 


Glazed  with  Polished  Plate  Glass 
Glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  Window  Glass 

Difference  - 


$302.00 

215.00 

$  87.00 


CARSON  RESIDENCE 
Chestnut  and  Irwin  Road,  Edgeworth,  Pa. 

H.  D.  Gilchrist,  Architect 

Glazed  with  Polished  Plate  Glass  ------  $196.00 

Glazed  with  Window  Glass  -------  85.00 

Difference  -------  $111.00 


MR.  ROBERT  J.  CREHORE  RESIDENCE 
Elyria,  Ohio 


R.  C.  Hunter  &  Bro.,  ArchUecls 


Front  windows  and  doors  Plate  Glass;  all  other  glass  D.  S.  A. 


Cost  glazed  as  above  -  81.00 

Cost  if  all  windows  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  -  -  -  -  -  80.00 


Difference  1.00 


i 

1 

i 


RESIDENCE,  MR.  W.  BURKAMP 
Fort  Thomas,  Ky. 

Difference  in  cost  between  Polished  Plate  Glass  and  D.  S.  A.  A. 

Window  Glass  -  $100.00 


II.  \V.  BRADY  RESIDENCE 
Saginaw,  Mich. 

Glazed  with  Polished  Plate,  front  and  two  sides 
If  D.  S.  A.  had  been  used  -  .  _  _  . 

Difference  -  -  -  -  . 


$157.00 

116.00 


$  41.00 


IIaulen  E.  Shimmin,  Architect,  Cleveland,  Ohio 

Glazed  with  Polished  Plate  Glass  -  -  .  .  _ 

Glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  Window  Glass  .  .  .  . 

Difference  ------ 


$815.00 

627.00 


$188.00 


I 


I 

j 


i 


IIarlen  E.  Shimmiiv,  Architecl,  Cleveland,  Ohio 

Glazed  with  Polished  Plate  Glass  ------  $657.00 

Glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  Window  Glass  -----  535.00 

Difference  -------  $122.00 


GEO.  C.  STEWART  RESIDENCE 
Butler,  Pa. 

J.  Walter  Ketterer,  Archilecl 


Glazed  with  Polished  Plate  Gla.ss 
If  Window  Glass  were  used 

Difference  - 


$323.00 

264.00 

$  59.00 


MARCUS  AARON  RESIDENCE 
Aylesboho  Ave.  and  W  ightman  St.,  Pittsbuhgh,  Pa. 

Glazed  with  Polished  Plate  (ilass  ------  .$.306.00 

Glazed  with  Window  Glass  -------  200.00 

Difference  -------  $306.00 


$199.00 

61.00 

$13.3.00 


R.  G.  CAREW  RESIDENCE 
Hyde  Pabk,  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

All  exterior  openings  are  glazed  with  Plate  Glass  at  a  cost  of 
If  D.  S.  A.  had  been  used  ------- 

Difference  ------- 


DR.  LOGAN  CLENDENNING  RESIDENCE 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Russel  G.  Wolcott,  Architect 

All  exterior  openings  are  glazed  with  Plate  Glass  at  a  cost  of  $326.00 
If  D.  S.  A.  were  used  269.00 


Difference  - 


$  .57.00 


GEO.  J.  KIERLER  RESIDENCE 
Toledo,  Ohio 

All  exterior  openings  glazed  with  Plate  Glass  at  a  cost  of 
If  glazed  with  D.  S.  A.  - 

Difference  ----- 


-  $162.00 
105.00 

-  $  57.00 


United  States  Government  Specification 

FOR  PLATE  GLASS  FOR  GLAZING  PURPOSES 

Classification 

Polished  Plate  Glass  —  Second  silvering  quality  —  Glazing  quality 

Definitions  of  the  General  Classes  of  Polished  Plate  Glass 

Plate  Glass.  Transparent,  flat,  relatively  thin  glass  having  plane  polished  surfaces 
and  showing  no  distortion  of  vision  when  viewing  objects  through  it  at  any  angle. 

Plate  Glass  is  made  at  present  by  casting  and  rolling  large  sheets  periodically 
or  by  rolling  a  continuous  sheet.  The  sheets  are  then  ground  and  polished. 


Detailed  Specifications  of  Polished  Plate  Glass 

General  Principles  Involved  in  Grading  Glass 

All  flat  glass  contains  some  imperfections  and  the  principle  employed  in  grading 
is  to  exclude  all  defects  that  would  be  objectionable  in  a  given  grade.  This  is  difficult 
to  do  since  there  are  no  sharp  lines  of  demarcation  between  grades,  and  experienced 
inspectors  will  differ  in  judgment  as  the  quality  of  the  glass  approaches  the  limits 
of  the  grades.  Small  lights  must  be  quite  free  from  imperfections  as  compared  with 
larger  ones,  and  the  center  of  any  sheet  should  be  clear,  whereas  the  edges  may  con¬ 
tain  more  pronounced  defects. 

Method  of  Examination.  The  method  of  examination  is  described  in  these 
specifications  in  order  to  make  the  results  more  uniform,  and  defines  the  condition 
under  which  glass  should  be  examined  because  the  distance  from  the  glass,  the  angle 
between  the  glass  and  the  line  of  sight,  and  the  intensity  of  light  all  affect  the  visi¬ 
bility  of  imperfections. 

These  specifications  should  be  interpreted  by  examining  the  glass  in  the  following 
manner,  with  reference  to  the  definitions  of  defects  listed  in  the  glossary: 

The  glass  should  be  examined  when  placed  in  a  position  similar  to  that  of  a 
glazed  light  with  the  observer’s  eye  on  a  level  with  the  center  of  the  sheet,  and  look¬ 
ing  through  the  glass  from  a  distance  of  about  36  inches  into  the  light  from  a  clear 
sky  without  any  sun  or  any  close  background. 

The  visibility  of  waves,  lines  or  cords  depends  chiefly  upon  the  angle  of  ob¬ 
servation,  and  the  intensity  of  these  defects  can  be  classified  on  this  basis.  The 
values  given  for  angles  are  the  angles  the  line  of  sight  makes  with  the  sheet  of  glass 
when  in  a  vertical  position.  Slight  movement  of  the  head  horizontally  through  an 
angle  of  two  or  three  degrees  will  make  waves  or  lines  more  perceptible. 

Acceptance  or  Rejection.  Acceptance  or  rejection  of  a  shipment  or  delivery  shall 
be  based  on  an  examination  of  the  following  quantities: 

For  orders  of  100  lights  or  less,  all  shall  be  examined;  for  orders  of  101  to  500 
lights  at  least  50%  shall  be  examined;  for  orders  of  501  or  more  lights  at  least  25% 
shall  be  examined.  Boxes  shall  be  selected  from  the  shipment  at  random. 


If  not  more  than  10%  of  the  lights  examined  are  below  quality,  the  shipment 
shall  be  accepted  provided  the  lights  below  the  specified  grade  are  not  distinctly 
below  the  upper  limit  of  the  next  lower  grade. 

If,  however,  an  entire  shipment  of  500  lights  or  more  is  examined,  not  more  than 
5%  may  be  below  quality. 

Specifications  for  Polished  Plate  Glass 

Sizes  and  Thickness.  The  standard  of  thicknesses  of  plate  glass  shall  be  yi,  3^, 

yi,  y2,  yi,  i?  ibi  and  inches.  Sheets  are  available  ]4,  inch  thick  in  sizes 
having  a  maximum  area  of  250  square  feet.  Glass  of  d^-inch  thickness  may  be 
furnished  having  almost  any  desired  dimension  under  the  following  maximums: 
120  inches  x  280  inches,  144  inches  x  260  inches,  160  inches  x  240  inches. 

The  standard  stock  thickness  for  glazing  purposes  is  inch,  but  this  may  vary 
between  ^  inch  and  3^  inch,  although  4^-inch  and  3^-inch  glass  are  carried  in  stock 
in  the  larger  cities. 

Tolerances  in  Thickness.  The  maximum  and  minimum  thicknesses  allowed  shall 
not  be  more  than  the  given  thickness  plus  or  minus  one-half  the  difference  between 
the  standard  thicknesses,  although  for  f/4-inch  glass  occasional  plates  as  thick  as 
3^  inch  are  supplied.  The  general  variation  in  thickness  should  not  be  more  than 

inch  for  individual  lights  under  10  square  feet,  in  thickness  up  to  inch.  The 
variation  in  lights  over  yi,  inch  in  thickness  should  not  exceed  one-half  the  total 
tolerance  for  that  thickness. 

Tolerances  in  Dimensions.  Variation  from  dimensions  ordered  shall  not  be 
more  than  inch  per  yi  inch  of  thickness. 

Grades.  Plate  glass  shall  be  furnished  for  glazing  purposes  in  one  of  two  grades 
as  specified.  These  grades  will  be  known  as  second  silvering  and  glazing  qualities. 

Second  silvering  quality  is  invariably  used  where  the  highest  standard  of  glazing 
is  required  and  imperfections  are  discoverable  only  on  close  inspection.  This  quality 
is  rarely  sold  for  glazing  purposes  in  sizes  over  20  square  feet.  Glazing  quality 
represents  the  usual  selection  of  plate  glass  supplied  when  quality  is  not  otherwise 
definitely  specified. 

As  allowable  tolerances  in  quality  must  vary  considerably  with  size  of  sheet 
required,  different  specifications  will  apply  in  each  of  the  following  four  divisions 
according  to  size; 

Division  I.  Sheets  up  to  and  including  10  square  feet  in  area; 

Division  II.  Sheets  having  an  area  greater  than  10  square  feet  but  not  greater 
than  25  square  feet; 

Division  III.  Sheets  having  an  area  greater  than  25  square  feet,  but  not  greater 
than  75  square  feet; 

Division  IV.  Sheets  having  an  area  greater  than  75  square  feet. 

DIVISION  I 

Sizes  Up  to  and  Including  10  Square  Feet 

Second  Silvering  Quality.  This  glass  shall  not  contain  any  major  defects.  The 
central  area  of  this  glass  may  contain  only  well  scattered  seeds.  Ream,  skim,  short 
finish,  and  scratches  which  cannot  be  removed  by  buffing,  are  not  permissible.  The 
edges  may  contain  coarse  seeds,  but  none  shall  be  larger  than  ^  inch  in  diameter. 


Glazing  Quality.  The  central  area  of  this  quality  may  contain  numerous  scat¬ 
tered  seed,  including  an  occasional  coarse  seed,  but  no  heavy  seed.  Small  bubbles 
may  occur  on  the  edge.  Stones,  large  bubbles,  skim,  ream,  or  long  or  heavy  scratches 
are  not  permissible.  Faint  strings  in  the  corners  or  upper  edge  of  the  light  are  per¬ 
missible.  The  polish  shall  not  show  areas  of  short  finish. 

DIVISION  II 

Sizes  From  10  Square  Feet  to  25  Square  Feet,  Inclusive 

Second  Silvering  Quality.  The  central  area  of  this  quality  may  contain  more 
numerous  fine  seed  than  the  small  sizes  and  an  occasional  coarse  seed.  The  edges 
may  contain  occasional  small  bubbles  and  fine  strings.  No  heavy  defects  or  scratches 
which  cannot  be  removed  by  buffing  are  permissible.  The  polish  must  be  good  and 
free  from  visible  short  finish. 

Glazing  Quality.  The  central  area  may  contain  small  bubbles  and  fine  strings 
or  ream  which  do  not  give  visible  distortion  when  looking  straight  through  the 
glass,  but  no  long  or  heavy  scratches.  The  edges  may  contain  bubbles  over  ^  inch, 
visible  scratches  shorter  than  10  inches,  small  areas  of  ream,  strings,  and  small 
stones  not  larger  than  inch,  but  these  defects  should  not  be  grouped  nor  interfere 
with  the  vision.  The  polish  over  the  central  area  should  be  good,  but  patches  of 
light  short  finish  may  be  present  about  the  edges. 

General.  None  of  the  above  grades  or  sizes  may  contain  any  heavy  or  long  lines, 
streaks  of  ream,  any  bubbles  larger  than  inch,  visible  poor  polish,  open  bubbles, 
areas  of  skim,  or  stones  over  inch  in  diameter. 

DIVISION  III 

Sizes  From  25  Square  Feet  to  75  Square  Feet 

Glazing  Quality.  Lights  of  this  size  may  contain  numerous  visible  and  larger 
imperfections  not  allowed  in  the  smaller  lights.  But  these  must  not  be  grouped  or 
so  prominent  that  they  noticeably  interfere  with  the  vision.  The  central  area  of  the 
plate  shall  be  free  from  these  larger  defects. 

The  sheets  may  contain  seed  of  any  size,  but  not  heavy  seed  except  in  relatively 
small  patches  on  the  outer  border  of  the  sheet,  occasional  bubbles  up  to  yi  inch  in 
the  center  and  up  to  inch  on  the  borders,  strings,  ream  and  skim  in  very  limited 
areas  if  not  causing  a  deformation  of  objects  viewed  through  the  plate,  occasional 
scratches  and  small  stones  under  inch. 

Heavy  ream,  heavy  cords,  bubbles  larger  than  ^  inch  in  diameter,  stones  larger 
than  inch  in  diameter,  large  fire  cracks,  areas  of  unpolished  glass,  easily  visible 
poor  polish,  large  open  bubbles,  or  sand  holes,  are  not  permitted.  The  large  defects 
should  be  confined  to  the  upper  edge  and  upper  corners  of  the  sheet,  the  lower  and 
central  areas  to  be  relatively  free  from  major  defects. 

DIVISION  IV 

Sizes  Greater  Than  75  Square  Feet 

Sheets  larger  than  75  square  feet  may  contain  defects  of  almost  any  kind  except 
that  they  must  not  show  large  areas  of  heavy  seed  or  bubbles,  nor  have  any  defects 
which  will  cause  spontaneous  breakage,  such  as  skim  or  large  stones  (F^-inch  diam.) 
or  show  any  areas  of  unpolished  glass. 


Glossary  of  terms  used  in  these  Specifications 

The  following  terms  shall  be  used  in  specifications: 

Plate  Glass 

Seeds,  short  finish,  skim,  strings, 
scratches,  bubbles,  open  bubbles,  ream, 
stones,  fire  cracks,  sand  holes. 

Bubbles.  Gas  inclusions  in  any  rolled  glass.  These  inclusions  are  practically 
always  spherical  and  brilliant  in  appearance.  The  term  applies  to  all  such  inclusions 
larger  than  inch  in  diameter.  The  term  small  bubbles  (commonly  known  as  boil) 
refers  to  sizes  between  -3^  inch  and  ^  inch. 

Seeds.  Minute  bubbles  less  than  inch  in  diameter.  Fine  seeds  are  visible 
only  on  close  inspection,  usually  appearing  as  small  specks  and  are  an  inherent  defect 
in  the  best  quality  of  plate  glass.  Seed  about  ^  inch  to  inch  in  diameter  are 
usually  considered  as  coarse  seed. 

Open  Bubbles.  Bubbles  which  have  been  broken  into  by  grinding,  leaving  a 
hemispherical  hole  in  the  glass  surface. 

Skim.  Streaks  of  dense  seed  with  accompanying  small  bubbles. 

Strings.  Wavy,  transparent  lines  appearing  as  though  a  thread  of  glass  had  been 
incorporated  into  the  sheet. 

Cords.  Heavy  strings  incorporated  in  the  sheet,  occurring  without  any  regularity 
of  direction,  and  appearing  to  be  of  considerable  thickness  rather  than  on  the  surface. 

Ream.  An  area  of  unhomogeneous  glass  incorporated  in  the  sheet  producing  a 
wavy  appearance. 

Scratches.  Any  marking  or  tearing  of  the  surface  appearing  as  though  it  had  been 
done  by  either  a  sharp  or  rough  instrument.  Scratches  occur  on  sheet  glass  in  all 
degrees  from  various  accidental  causes. 

Short  Finish.  Insufficient  polish  or  lack  of  brilliancy;  improperly  finished  surface 
which  has  the  appearance  of  being  slightly  pitted  and  wavy  when  the  surface  is 
viewed  in  reflected  light.  These  indentations,  which  are  slight,  have  a  polished 
rather  than  a  ground  surface,  but  the  general  effect  is  a  slight  dulling  of  the  surface. 
Poor  polish  is  usually  caused  by  improper  grinding. 

Stones.  Any  opaque  or  partially  melted  particle  of  rock,  clay  or  batch  ingredient 
imbedded  in  the  glass. 

Fire  Cracks.  Small  cracks  penetrating  the  surface  of  the  sheet.  Usually  in  the 
shape  of  short-hooked  crescents.  Caused  by  sudden  heating  or  chilling  of  the  surface. 

Sand  Holes.  Rough  spots  on  the  polished  surface  produced  during  coarse  grind¬ 
ing  which  fine  grinding  did  not  later  remove;  due,  to  some  extent,  to  coarse  grains  of 
grinding  sand  becoming  mixed  with  finer  grades. 

Central  Area  of  Sheet.  This  term  is  used  with  slightly  different  interpretation 
with  reference  to  plate  or  window  glass.  In  plate  glass  the  central  area  is  considered 
to  form  an  oval  or  circle  centered  on  the  sheet  whose  axes  or  diameters  do  not  exceed 
80%  of  the  over-all  dimension.  This  allows  a  fairly  large  area  at  the  corners,  which 
may  have  imperfections  not  allowed  in  the  central  area. 


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